韦伯说,事实上, 这意味着要取代修道院 式 的灵性操练, 自我 否认, 以及禁欲苦修的生活.In effect , said Weber, this meant displacing the monastic - style discipline, self - denial, and ascetics into secular life....

“苦修”的英语可以翻译为：mortify，penance，self-torture ...

苦修僧人反复旋转而不感到头晕.The dervishes whirl around and around without getting dizzy.苦修者每天的生活都是一成不变的.His daily life followed an unvarying pattern.没药与痛苦的悔改, 苦修, 忏悔联合.Myrrh has been associated with bitter repentance , mortification ...