Conclusions: IVU and cystoscopy , especially retrograde ureteropyelography, were essential for the diagnosis of primary ureteral carcinoma.结果: 33例均为移行细胞癌,术前确诊21例,占63.6%....

cystoscopy的音标：cystoscopy的英式发音音标为：[sɪs'tɒskəpɪ]cystoscopy的美式发音音标为：[sɪs'tɒskəpɪ]...

n.膀胱镜检查（术）...