He picked up the phone expecting to hear the chairman's gruff voice.他拿起电话，心想会听到主席粗哑的嗓音。a gruff manner粗暴的态度Beneath his gruff exterior, he's really very kind-hearted.他外表冷漠，心地却十分善良。He could be gruff and monosyllab...
The cold has made already substandard living conditions even worse.寒冷使得已经较差的生活环境变得更糟糕。Too many families are still living in substandard housing.仍有太多家庭居住条件达不到标准.The reputation of the firm was blown upon for passing substa...