Jesperson's system of phonetic transcription is analphabetic.耶斯佩森的标音系统是非字母式的.Cognate in common use is considered phonetic loan characters, which include substitute of homophone.同音代替是假借的一种形式,也是“依声托事”;本字不等于初文, 更不是后起字....
黎明时分，我把他叫醒，告诉他我们要走了。At dawn I woke him up and said we were leaving.黎明时分天气阴沉，云幕低垂。The day dawned sunless and with a low cloud base.狂欢常常持续到黎明。The revels often last until dawn....
Andy's face paled with disappointment; perhaps with anger as well.安迪的脸色由于失望而变得苍白，也许还掺杂着气愤。Mother paled with shock at the news.妈妈听到那消息大惊失色.He paled at the sight of the blood.他一看见血就脸色发白....